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Bipolar mood disorder

Overview

Bipolar mood disorder, earlier known as manic-depressive illness or manic depression, is characterised by distinct periods of elevated or irritable mood and depressive mood occurring during the duration of illness. The mood symptoms and the changes in thoughts, behaviour, sleep and appetite disrupts normal life.

Cause is unknown. Risk factors include: 

  • Genetics
  • Brain structure in certain individuals

Bipolar disorder can be classified as: 

  • Bipolar I disorder
  • Bipolar II disorder
  • Cyclothymic disorder

Symptoms of bipolar disorder vary depending on the episode:

  • Maniac episode:
    • Very active
    • Extremely irritated
    • Excessive appetite
    • Less sleep
  • Depressive episode:
    • Feeling sad/anxious
    • Restless
    • Trouble sleeping
    • Lack of interest in everything
    • Feeling hopeless/suicidal

Bipolar disorder is generally diagnosed using:

  • Physical examination and tests to rule out other possible causes.

Therapies for bipolar disorders include:

  • Medications
  • Psychotherapy
  • Light therapy
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Disclaimer:

The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.