Diabetes Mellitus Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Diabetes Mellitus Overview Diabetes mellitus refers to a long-term condition characterised by elevated levels of blood sugar due to the inability of the body to properly produce or utilise insulin. Insulin plays a critical role in controlling blood sugar by transporting glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy use. There are two main types: type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Symptoms Excessive thirstIncreased frequency of urinationUnexplained weight loss Diagnosis Early detection is crucial, as starting treatment promptly can improve outcomes. Diagnostic methods include blood tests to assess blood sugar levels. Treatment & Prevention Effective diabetes treatment involves lifestyle changes like balanced diet, regular physical activity, and medications to control blood sugar levels. However, in some cases, insulin therapy is necessary.Regular monitoring and management are essential to prevent complications like heart disease, kidney damage, and nerve problems. Education and support empower individuals to manage their condition and lead a healthier life. Disclaimer: The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.