Insomnia Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Insomnia Overview Insomnia refers to a sleep-related disorder characterized by challenges in initiation or maintenance of sleep leading to inadequate sleep quality and/or duration. Causes Stress and anxietyPoor sleep habits (stimulants such as coffee, and use of electronic gadgets before bed)Medical conditions (chronic pain, sleep apnoea, or restless leg syndrome)Medications (used to treat depression, ADHD, or high blood pressure)Lifestyle factors (working late shifts, traveling across time zones) Risk factors Lifestyle: change in routine, traveling to different time zones, or working shift workMental health: stress, anxiety, depression, or other mental health conditionsMedical conditions: diabetes, high blood pressure, or other physical health conditionsSleep environment: noise, light, or an uncomfortable bedSubstances: consuming caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, or recreational drugs before bedtimeAge: Insomnia is more common in people over 60 years of age and health.Sex: Hormonal changes during menstruation and menopause can make it more likely for women to experience insomniaGenetics: 31% to 58% of a person's likelihood of experiencing insomnia is due to geneticsSafety: People who do not feel safe in their homes, such as those experiencing repeated violence or abuse Symptoms Difficulty falling asleepWaking up too early in the morningWaking up frequently at nightFeeling tired or groggy upon wakingDifficulty concentrating or paying attentionMood disturbances, such as irritability or anxietyReduced productivity and performance Treatment Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I)Sleep hygiene practices (e.g., consistent sleep schedule, relaxing bedtime routine)Sleep aids (e.g., melatonin, prescription sleep medications)Addressing underlying medical conditions or lifestyle factorsRelaxation techniques (e.g., deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation)