Kidney stones Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Kidney Stones Overview This is the accumulation of mineral and salt deposits within the kidney. It is a painful condition. The risk of kidney stones is increased by certain dietary choices, excess body weight, as well as certain medications and supplements. Symptoms The symptoms of kidney stones include:Pain in the flank (between the back and abdomen/upper belly)Blood in the urineLithuria, which refers to excess acid or salts in the urineFever with chillsBurning sensation during urination Diagnosis Kidney stones can be diagnosed using the following methods:Ultrasound KUB: An ultrasound of the kidneys, ureters, and bladderNCCT KUB: A non-contrast CT scan of the kidneys, ureters, and bladderUrinalysis: A routine urine testKidney function test, C-reactive protein, and complete blood count: These are blood tests that check for the markers of kidney dysfunction Treatment The following treatment options exist for kidney stones:Ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy: A non-invasive procedure that uses a laser to break down the kidney stonesRetrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS): Surgery is performed on the kidney to treat kidney stonesPercutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL): This is a surgery that is used when the kidney stones are large and other non-invasive methods of treatment cannot be usedExtracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy: This is a non-invasive method that breaks up kidney stones using shockwaves Disclaimer: The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.