Knee Cartilage Damage Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Knee Cartilage Damage Overview Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that acts as a cushion between joints. It reduces friction while supporting weight. Knee cartilage damage can result in knee joint pain, stiffness, and inflammation. In severe cases, a piece of cartilage may even break off. Types of cartilage Elastic cartilage: Found in the ears and nose, known for its flexibility.Fibrocartilage: The toughest type, found in spinal discs and the hip and pelvis.Hyaline cartilage: Springy and tough, found in the ribs, windpipe, and joints. Symptoms Knee swelling, warmth, tenderness, and pain.Knee stiffness and limited range of motion.In severe cases where a piece of cartilage may break off, the knee joint may lock and bleed (hemarthrosis). Risk factors Falls, accidents, or sports.Chronic joint stress, especially in obese individuals or individuals with osteoarthritis.Prolonged inactivity increases the risk of cartilage damage. Diagnosis Physical examination for initial assessment by a clinician.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify the extent of cartilage damage.Arthroscopy procedures: inserting a tube-like instrument into the joint for examination and repair. Treatment Non-surgical treatmentExercise and advanced physiotherapy techniques for strengthening the jointsNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and sometimes, steroid injections to alleviate pain and inflammationAwareness regarding injury prevention can also help patients adopt a healthy, low-risk lifestyle.Surgical treatmentSurgical treatment depends on the severity and specifics of the damage and includes:DebridementMarrow stimulationMosaicplastyAutologous chondrocyte implantationFurthermore, in recent years, several advanced surgical options, such as partial knee replacement, total knee replacement, knee implant technology, robotic-assisted surgery, knee joint replacement, and advanced knee surgery, have become available, which are associated with rapid recovery and improved outcomes for patients with damaged knee cartilage. Complications If left untreated, cartilage damage can lead to severe joint impairment and chronic pain, potentially resulting in conditions like osteoarthritis.