Mammography

• A screening mammogram is used to detect early breast cancer in women with no symptoms. Screening mammography can begin at 40 years of age (according to latest American College of Radiology and Society of Breast Imaging guidelines), but some women at high risk of breast cancer may need to start earlier. Discussion with your doctor about your risk for breast cancer and when you should get screened would be worthwhile.
• Diagnostic mammogram is done to evaluate abnormal clinical findings, such as a breast lump or nipple discharge identified by the woman or her doctor. Diagnostic mammography may also be performed after an abnormal screening mammogram to further evaluate the area of concern.

Breast tomosynthesis or 3D mammography is a new technique wherein images in multiple slices of entire breast are taken to better aid in determining size, shape, and location of an abnormality. Global research has shown better cancer detection rates and a decrease in call backs when compared to using conventional 2D mammography.

Mammograms typically involve a small radiation dose, and thus, the health risk is very low. The radiation does not remain in the patient’s body after the test. The benefits of detecting small tumours far outweigh the risk associated with radiation exposure.

In case you are pregnant or breast-feeding, it is vital to inform prior to undergoing the mammogram. Another appropriate alternative like an ultrasound scan may be performed, if deemed pertinent. 

• No fasting is required
• Please bring all your previous investigations (films and reports) when you come for the test
• You will be asked to undress waist upwards
• If you have undergone breast implant surgery, any previous breast surgery, chemoport insertion or pacemaker, please inform the technician when you come to the mammography room
• Avoid wearing perfume, lotion, powder or deodorant on your breasts and underarms as it may affect image quality.
• Fall risk assessment: If you have any prior history of vertigo, giddiness, vasovagal attacks, difficulty in standing, please inform the technician in the mammogram room.
• You will be asked to sign a consent form, which states that you agree to undergo the test and understand what it involves.

Pressure may be felt as each breast is squeezed by the compression paddle. If you experience any discomfort, please inform the technologist. During tomosynthesis, the tube rotates in an arc-like fashion; therefore, your face and other body parts must remain away from the tube to avoid artefacts.

The images will be interpreted by a radiologist and sometimes a follow-up is necessary to further evaluate an area of concern. Though it may seem alarming, many women are called back to help in preparing the most accurate report. If the radiologist spots a potential area of concern, you may be asked to return for additional diagnostic mammogram images or ultrasound.

No special instructions need to be followed, and one can pursue normal activities.

Dense breast tissue makes it difficult to see a cancer on mammogram. In such scenarios, a sonomammogram (breast ultrasound) may be suggested for additional evaluation. Breast implants may block a clear view of tissues underneath and it is advisable to inform the technologist prior to the test.