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Oesophageal Manometry

Overview

Oesophageal manometry is a test that measures the rhythmic muscle contractions (motility) in the oesophagus. It evaluates the function of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES), the muscle that controls the opening between the oesophagus and the stomach, and the oesophageal body. This test helps diagnose conditions like achalasia, GERD, and swallowing disorders.

Your doctor may recommend oesophageal manometry in the following cases:

  • Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): To determine if the cause is due to muscle problems in the oesophagus.
  • Chest Pain: If chest pain is suspected to be related to oesophageal motility issues rather than heart problems.
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): To assess the function of the LES and determine if it is causing acid reflux.
  • Achalasia: A disorder where the oesophagus has difficulty moving food to the stomach due to poor muscle function, often resulting in swallowing difficulties.
  • Pre-Surgical Assessment: To evaluate oesophageal function before certain surgeries, such as fundoplication for GERD.

Patients are usually instructed to avoid food and drinks for 8 hours before the procedure. Certain medications that affect oesophageal function (e.g., calcium channel blockers, sedatives, antacids) may need to be stopped 48 hours before the test. Notify your doctor of any allergies, medical conditions, or medications, as some may affect the results.

Oesophageal manometry is typically done as an outpatient procedure. The steps include:

  • Local anaesthesia or a mild sedative may be administered to reduce discomfort.
  • A thin, flexible tube (catheter) is inserted through the nose or mouth and passed down the oesophagus.
  • The catheter has sensors that measure the pressure and contractions in different parts of the oesophagus while you swallow small amounts of water.
  • The test usually takes about 20-30 minutes, and patients can resume normal activities afterward.

  • Diagnosis of the cause of swallowing difficulties and other oesophageal problems.
  • Provides valuable information for treatment planning, especially in conditions like achalasia and GERD.

  • Upper Endoscopy: Visual examination of the oesophagus using a flexible tube with a camera.
  • Barium Swallow: An X-ray test that can detect structural problems in the oesophagus.

  • Discomfort: Some discomfort, such as a sore throat or nasal irritation, may occur.
  • Gagging or Coughing: Common reactions during the test as the catheter is inserted.
  • Infection or Bleeding: Though rare, infection or bleeding may occur if the catheter causes any injury to the oesophagus.
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