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Schizophrenia

Overview

Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of brain characterised by a range of symptoms that include delusions (false, firmly held unshakeable beliefs or thoughts), hallucinations (perception of having heard, seen, touched, tasted or smelled when no such stimuli exist), cognitive difficulties, avolition (no desire to work), anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure), withdrawal along with disturbance in speech and behaviour. Schizophrenia is usually a chronic illness and requires long-term management.

The exact cause is unknown. It might be due to a combination of

  • Genetics
  • Psychological factors
  • Environmental factors

The symptoms of Schizophrenia are as follows:

  • Hallucinations
  • Pessimistic thinking
  • Delusions
  • Disorganised behaviour
  • Illogical speech

Schizophrenia is usually diagnosed through:

  • Physical examination
  • Mental health evaluation
  • Alcohol and drug use screening

Management of schizophrenia involves:

  • Medications (anti-psychotic drugs)
  • Cognitive behavioural therapy
  • Brain stimulation therapy
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