Thoracoscopy/Pleuroscopy Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Thoracoscopy/Pleuroscopy Overview Thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows access to the pleural space (space between chest wall and lungs), using a combination of viewing and working instruments. It has become the second most important endoscopic procedure in respiratory medicine after bronchoscopy. Equipment Rigid PleuroscopeSemi-rigid Pleuroscope (similar to video bronchoscope) Indications Work-up and diagnosis of indeterminate pleural fluid (effusion)Staging of lung cancerSite-directed biopsy of parietal pleuraStaging of mesothelioma (pleural malignancy) Contraindications Absolute: Lack of pleural space Relative Refractory coughSevere hypoxemia (low O2 saturation)Coagulopathy including low platelet countsUnstable comorbidities or hemodynamic statusPulmonary arterial hypertension Complications Bleeding after a parietal pleura biopsyLung perforation and air leakInfection in the pleural space Preparations Fasting is required for 6‒8 hoursStop blood thinners 3‒5 days before the procedure (after confirmation from the doctor)Patient has to be admitted to the hospital for 3‒5 days