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Arthroscopy

Overview

Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure, commonly used to diagnose joint disorders and plan treatments accordingly. A small incision is first made at the joint location; through this incision, a narrow tube with a fibre-optic camera is inserted. This enables the surgeon to clearly view the region inside the joint on a high-definition monitor. This technique makes it feasible for orthopaedic doctors to diagnose and treat joint disorders using minimal incisions and small surgical tools.

Arthroscopy is deemed useful when X-rays or other imaging tests do not provide conclusive results. It is commonly performed on joints such as the wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, ankle, knee, and ankle joints and is commonly recommended in one or more of the following cases:

  • When the presence of loose bone fragments is noted
  • When cartilages and/or joints are damaged or torn
  • When the joint linings are inflamed
  • When the presence of scarring within joints is noted

Preoperative preparation

Preparation steps may vary depending on the joint being treated, but typically include:

  • Avoiding certain medications
  • Fasting before the procedure
  • Arranging for transportation home
  • Wearing comfortable, loose clothing

Surgery

The procedure generally follows these steps:

  • Changing into a hospital gown
  • Receiving a sedative through intravenous route
  • Administering local, regional, or general anaesthesia based on the condition.
  • Positioning the patient for optimal joint access
  • Injecting sterile fluid into the joint for enhanced visibility
  • Making small incisions for the camera and instruments
  • Incision closure through stitches or adhesive tape

Post-operative care

Arthroscopy usually lasts around an hour. After the procedure, post-operative care includes:

  • Medications for pain management and inflammation control
  • R.I.C.E. (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
  • Application of splints, slings, or crutches
  • Physical therapy along with rehabilitation exercises

Arthroscopy is generally safe, but a few possible complications might include:

  • Tissue or nerve damage
  • Infection
  • Blood clots

Recovery often allows for light activities and desk work within a few days, driving in 1–3 weeks, while more strenuous activities like heavy lifting, running, and high-impact sports may be resumed few weeks later. Regular follow-ups are vital to monitor the progress and resolve any concerns.

The most effective preventive measure is maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including the consumption of a balanced, nutritious diet, regular exercise, and weight/obesity management; these can significantly reduce the risk of arthritis, especially in weight-bearing joints. Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol use also plays a crucial role, as these habits can exacerbate inflammation and contribute to arthritis progression. Promoting awareness and encouraging early intervention are essential steps to improve the quality of life for those at risk. Finally, osteoarthritis care and gout management can help mitigate the exacerbation of symptoms in arthritis patients.

If in need, please approach a doctor 

If you experience joint pain, stiffness, or swelling, it is important to consult a healthcare provider, such as a primary care physician or rheumatologist, who can assess your symptoms and may refer you to specialists for targeted treatment.

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