Bronchiectasis Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Bronchiectasis Overview Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterised by the permanent dilation and damage of the bronchi, which are large to medium-sized airway passages leading to the lungs. This condition results from repeated infections and inflammation. Causes The causes of bronchiectasis are varied. It is usually a consequence of severe lung infections, such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, or whooping cough, or it can arise from conditions like cystic fibrosis, immunodeficiency disorders, and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Additionally, conditions like allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and inhalation of toxic substances can also contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. Symptoms Patients with bronchiectasis experience persistent cough, often producing large amounts of sputum (mucus), and may suffer from recurrent respiratory infections, wheezing and shortness of breath. Fatigue and chest pain are also common, affecting the overall quality of life.DiagnosisHigh-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest, i.e., HRCT Chest is the gold standard for diagnosis. Other investigations are done to know the cause of bronchiectasis; these include but are not limited to sputum examination, nasal nitric oxide level analysis, sweat chloride test, immunoglobulin level analysis and Aspergillus-specific immunoglobulin analysis.TreatmentOnly a specialist can identify the underlying cause of bronchiectasis for its effective management. Treatment is focused on managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This requires a multidisciplinary approach that includes airway clearance techniques, such as chest physiotherapy and postural drainage, medications like antibiotics to treat infections, bronchodilators, and sometimes surgical intervention.Pulmonary rehabilitation also plays a significant role in maintaining lung function.Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatment plans as needed for maintaining lung health.