Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) Overview Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a common ophthalmic disorder, affects the macula, which is crucial for sharp, clear central vision. In CSCR, fluid accumulation below the macula causes the temporary distortion and blurring of vision. CSCR is common in people aged 20–50 years. Its incidence in men is higher than that in women. Causes No exact cause of CSCR has been identified. However, several risk factors for this condition have been identified:Psychological stress, including traumatic life events or work-related stress.Excessive or prolonged corticosteroid use (oral, inhalational, or topical administration).The risk of developing CSCR may be particularly high in individuals with a Type A personality (who are highly competitive, ambitious, and driven and exposed to high levels of psychological stress). Symptoms The severity and duration of the symptoms of CSCR vary. These symptoms include:Blurring or distortion of central vision in one eye (the most common symptom).Appearance of dark spots in the central field of vision.Heightened contrast sensitivity.Decreased colour perception.Objects appearing smaller than they are (micropsia). Diagnosis To diagnose CSCR, an ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye examination, which includes:Retinal examination. The doctor dilates the pupils with special eye drops to examine the retina using a slit-lamp or ophthalmoscope for identifying cataracts and assessing any damage to the retina.Visual acuity tests.Collection of comprehensive medical history.Accessory diagnostic tests, such as the estimation of choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (a non-invasive technique used to visualise the vasculature of the retina and choroidal layers), fluorescein angiography (injection of fluorescein into a vein to detect blood vessels in the eyes), and indocyanine green angiography (an invasive technique used to visualise the vasculature of the retina and choroidal layers). These tests help assess the degree of retinal involvement and confirm fluid leakage in the retina. Treatment CSCR often resolves spontaneously even without specific treatments over a period of few months. However, various treatment options are available for patients showing persistent symptoms or those facing a high risk of complications:Routine eye checkups and observations: As mild or early-stage CSCR is self-limiting, only regular monitoring may be required.Lifestyle modifications: Adopting healthy lifestyles, reducing stress levels, and ensuring mental well-being can help prevent and treat CSCR.Photodynamic therapy (PDT): This may be recommended to seal leaks in the choroidal blood vessels for patients with advanced CSCR and can help mitigate fluid accumulation in the retina.Micro-pulse and low-power laser therapies. These are also useful in sealing leaks in the retina, promoting fluid absorption.Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents: Intravitreal injections of specific therapeutics, such as anti-VEGF drugs, can help treat CSCR. These agents suppress abnormal angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) below the retinal layers.Although CSCR causes discomfort and temporarily impairs vision, early diagnosis and the timely administration of appropriate treatments can ensure a complete recovery.