Corrective Spine Osteotomy

Although rare, spine deformities, such as scoliosis (the sideward deviation of the spine) and exaggerated kyphosis (the increased front-to-back curve of the spine) may require specialised surgical management through corrective spine osteotomy. 

This complex procedure for spinal deformity correction or scoliosis treatment is carried out by an expert team, including a spine surgeon, anaesthetist, physician, and physiotherapist. It requires a highly skilled surgical team with extensive experience to achieve favourable outcomes.

Preoperative preparation

• Clinical examination to assess the magnitude of the deformity, identify its causes, and confirm any nerve involvement.
• Spine radiograph (X-ray) to identify the apex of the deformity and its magnitude and assess any bony abnormalities.
• Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine may be required to assess the neural tissue.
• Further investigations specific to each patient.

Surgery

• Administration of general anaesthesia.
• Spinal realignment by the surgeon by carefully removing or reshaping the parts of the spine to correct the abnormal curve.
• Placement of metal rods, screws, or plates to stabilise the spine in its new, corrected position.
• Incision closure and surgery completion.

Postoperative care

Post-surgery rehabilitation is crucial for achieving favourable surgical outcomes. Various postoperative measures include:

• Medications to control pain and discomfort after surgery.
• Keeping the surgical site clean and dry with regular dressing changes to prevent infection.
• Physical therapy to regain strength, mobility, and improve recovery.
• Avoiding heavy lifting or strenuous activity for several weeks or months depending on the surgeon’s advice.
• Regular follow-up visits to the surgeon to monitor healing, assess complications, and track progress.

Corrective spine osteotomy is a complex procedure with potential risks, such as:

• Infection
• Nerve damage
• Blood loss
• Hardware failure
• Non-union or malunion
• Postoperative pain
• Blood clots

Full recovery can take several months with patients usually resuming light activities within 3–6 months. Physical therapy plays a critical role in regaining strength and mobility. Many patients experience lasting results with the spine remaining stable and properly aligned. However, long-term outcomes depend on the severity of the deformity, the success of the surgery, and patient adherence to postoperative rehabilitation.

Although corrective spine osteotomy is a complex procedure, for many patients, it results in improved alignment, pain relief, and enhanced quality of life.