Gas and Bloating Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Gas and Bloating Overview Gas and bloating are common gastrointestinal complaints that can cause discomfort and inconvenience. Causes: Swallowing air: commonly occurs if a person eats or drinks too quickly, chews gum, or smokes.Improper digestive process: if the gut microbiota is not balanced, breakdown of certain food by the gut bacteria produces gas (e.g., beans, lentils, carbonated drinks).Food intolerances/allergies.Excessive mental tension: Anxiety or depression.ConstipationOvereatingFluid retentionDigestive disorders: conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), GERD, or infections can cause bloating.Certain type of food: High-fibre food, cruciferous vegetables (broccoli and cauliflower), and carbonated beverages can contribute to bloating. Symptoms Abdominal discomfort or painVisible swelling or distention of the abdomenExcessive passing of gas (belching or flatulence)Feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen Diagnosis Medical history: Your medical history can be reviewed by your gastroenterologist for evaluating your symptoms, diet, and lifestyle.Physical examination.Tests: potential tests might include blood tests, breath tests (for lactose intolerance or bacterial overgrowth), or imaging studies. Treatment Lifestyle modifications:Eating slowly and chewing the food thoroughly.Avoiding carbonated drinks and chewing gum.Identifying and avoiding trigger foods.Keeping your mind calm and practicing techniques to keep mental peace.A lifestyle assessment may help identifying stressors that contribute to symptoms.Diet adjustments:Limit raw food or high-fibre foods, especially if they tend to cause excessive gas or discomfort.Avoid known irritants (e.g., dairy, gluten) if intolerant.Incorporate natural probiotics to promote healthy gut flora (home-made yoghurt or buttermilk and fresh fruits)Medications:Simethicone/simethicone containing digestive enzymes: these are available as an over-the-counter remedy or prescribed by your doctor to relieve bloating and discomfort.Lactase supplements: Those with lactose intolerance can be prescribed lactase supplements.Antacids: antacids help neutralise stomach acid and relieve indigestion and heartburn.Laxatives: To relieve constipation. When to seek medical attention: Seek medical advice if you experience persistent symptoms of severe abdominal pain, persistent bloating or gas, unintentional weight loss associated with bloating and other GI symptoms, recent changes in bowel habits (like diarrhoea or constipation).Consulting a healthcare professional is recommended for personalised diagnosis and treatment.