Indwelling Pleural Catheter Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Indwelling Pleural Catheter Overview Indwelling pleural catheter (IPCs) are flexible tubes that are inserted into the pleural space (the space between the lungs and chest wall) to drain excess fluid. They are typically used for patients who have recurrent pleural effusions due to conditions such as cancer, heart failure or infections. The catheter allows the patients to manage fluid build-up at home, reducing the need for repeated hospital visits for thoracentesis (a procedure to remove fluid from the pleural space). The use of IPCs can reduce symptoms, such as shortness of breath, and enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic pleural effusion. Insertion Procedure Preparation: The patient is usually given local anaesthesia to numb the area. Sedation may also be provided to help the patient relax.Insertion: A small incision is made in the chest wall. Using ultrasound guidance, the catheter is inserted into the pleural space. The catheter is then tunnelled under the skin to help reduce the risk of infection and is secured in place.Securing the Catheter: The external end of the catheter is connected to a drainage bag or bottle. The catheter is secured with sutures and covered with a sterile dressing.Post-Insertion Care: The patient is monitored for a short period to ensure there are no immediate complications, such as bleeding or pneumothorax (collapsed lung). Care and Maintenance Regular Drainage: Fluid is typically drained every few days, or as needed, to manage symptoms. The patient or a caregiver is trained to perform the drainage at home.Site Care: The catheter site must be kept clean and dry to prevent infection. Dressings should be changed regularly according to the healthcare provider’s instructions.Monitoring for Complications: Patients should watch for signs of infection (e.g., redness, swelling, fever) or catheter malfunction and contact their healthcare provider if any issues arise. Complications Infection: The most common complication is an infection at the catheter site or within the pleural space.Catheter blockage: The catheter can become blocked, preventing proper drainage.Pain: Some patients may experience pain or discomfort at the insertion site.Pneumothorax: Although rare, the insertion procedure can sometimes cause a pneumothorax.Bleeding: There is a risk of bleeding during or after the insertion of the catheter.Tumour seeding: In cases of malignant pleural effusion, there is a risk that cancer cells might spread along the catheter track.Proper care and monitoring are crucial to minimise risks and complications. Always follow the healthcare provider's instructions and report any concerns promptly.