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Oesophageal Dilatation

Overview

Oesophageal dilatation is a medical procedure used to widen a narrowed or blocked oesophagus. This narrowing (stricture) can occur due to various conditions, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), oesophageal cancer, or injury. The procedure is typically performed using a balloon or bougie (a thin, flexible instrument) to gently stretch the affected area, improving the ability to swallow food and liquids.

Your doctor may recommend oesophageal dilatation in the following cases:

  • Oesophageal Stricture: Caused by chronic acid reflux, radiation therapy, or injury, leading to difficulty swallowing.
  • Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing, often due to narrowing of the oesophagus, which can be addressed through dilation.
  • Food Impaction: When food gets stuck in the oesophagus, especially if there is a narrowing or obstruction.
  • Post-Surgical Treatment: To address complications like strictures after surgery, such as those following fundoplication for GERD.

  • Fasting: Patients are typically asked to avoid eating or drinking for at least 6 hours before the procedure to reduce the risk of aspiration during the procedure.
  • Medication Adjustments: Some medications, especially anticoagulants or those affecting oesophageal motility, may need to be paused or adjusted.
  • Consultation: Discuss any recent health changes, allergies, or past complications with your healthcare provider.

Oesophageal dilatation is generally performed on an outpatient basis and involves the following steps:

  • Sedation: Patients may be given a sedative to relax and reduce discomfort.
  • Insertion of Balloon/Bougie: A flexible tube (endoscope) is passed through the mouth and into the oesophagus, where the narrowing is identified. A balloon or bougie is then gently inflated or inserted to widen the stricture.
  • Post-Procedure Monitoring: The procedure typically lasts between 15-30 minutes, and patients are monitored for any immediate complications, such as bleeding or perforation.

  • Improves the ability to swallow food and liquids.
  • Can help prevent food impaction and other complications caused by strictures.

  • Oesophageal Stent Placement: A tube inserted to keep the oesophagus open.
  • Surgical Treatment: In severe cases, surgery may be required to correct the narrowing.

  • Minor Bleeding: Occasional minor bleeding may occur, especially if a biopsy is taken during the procedure.
  • Perforation: Although rare, there is a small risk of perforation (a tear in the oesophagus).
  • Infection: As with any medical procedure, infection is a possibility.
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