Osteoporosis Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Osteoporosis Overview Osteoporosis refers to a condition in which bones become fragile and brittle, increasing the likelihood of fractures. Causes Hormonal changes, ageing, or deficiencies in calcium and vitamin D. Symptoms Usually not noticeable until a fracture occurs. Diagnosis Bone density tests (DEXA scans) to assess bone strength. Treatment Medications to slow down bone loss or stimulate bone growth, along with calcium and vitamin D supplements. Weight-bearing exercises and lifestyle changes, such as smoking cessation and reducing alcohol intake, are important for bone health. Early detection and disease management are crucial to avoid fractures and maintain quality of life. Disclaimer: The information in this Health Library is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional with any questions about a medical condition or before starting any treatment. Use of this site and its content does not establish a doctor–patient relationship. In case of a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or visit the nearest emergency facility immediately.