Periodic paralysis Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Periodic Paralysis Overview Periodic paralysis is a group of disorders with episodic muscle weakness. The dysfunction of ion channels interferes with muscle depolarization and in turn causes muscle weakness. Correction of these electrolytes causes rapid correction of muscle weakness. Causes Caused due to dysfunction of ion channels leading to hypo or hyperkalaemia. Hypokalaemia periodic paralysis This shows autosomal dominant inheritance and is caused by CACNA1/ SCNA gene mutation Symptoms Recurrent paralysis lasting hours to daysLow potassium levelsMuscle cramps/ spasmsPrecipitated by high carbohydrate diet, stress, and alcohol consumption among othersSymptoms vary in severity and frequency Hyperkalaemia periodic paralysis It is similar to hypokalaemia periodic paralysis, except that it gets precipitated by raised potassium levels (hyperkalaemia) and is treated by potassium lowering agents such as diuretics. Risk factors Risk factors for periodic paralysis include:Abnormal Potassium levelsAge of onset: the first paralytic attack usually occurs between the ages of two and 30,Female sexIndividuals of Asian or Hispanic descentAbnormal thyroid hormone levelsCertain medicationsEating potassium-rich foods, high-carbohydrate meals, or skipping mealsResting after exercise can trigger attacks.StressPregnancyExposure to extreme temperatureViral illness Diagnosis Low potassium levelsECG changes due to hypokalaemiaNCV may show axonal neuropathyGenetic testing Specialist to approach Neurologist Treatment Correction of potassium levelsPhysiotherapyMuscle strengthening on a regular basisDietary and lifestyle regulation