Polycystic kidney disease Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Polycystic Kidney Disease Overview Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a condition in which the normal kidney tissue gets replaced with multiple fluid-filled sacs called cysts. It is a genetic condition inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, meaning that multiple members of the same family may be affected. This disease progresses slowly over several years unless complicated by conditions such as infection of the cysts, bleeding into the cyst, cyst rupture, or stone formation in the cysts. This may also be associated with other organ system involvement, such as cysts in other organs like the liver, brain aneurysms, and more. Causes and Risk Factors The condition is genetically inherited, with family history being a major risk factor. If a close relative has the disease, there is an increased chance of developing it. Symptoms The condition may be asymptomatic and is often detected during routine imaging or scans for other complaint. Systemic symptoms Systemic symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, and haematuria (blood in urine), which are caused by bleeding, rupture, infection, or stone formation within the cysts. Specialist to approach It is advisable to consult a kidney specialist (nephrologist) for appropriate evaluation and management of PKD. Diagnosis The following investigations are typically used to diagnose PKD:Imaging studies: Ultrasound examination, CT scan, or MRI of the abdomen to identify cysts.Genetic testing: Conducted in select cases to confirm the diagnosis and identify family risk. Treatment Monitoring: Regular follow-ups and monitoring are sufficient for uncomplicated cases with preserved kidney function.Advanced treatments: In end-stage renal disease, renal replacement therapies such as dialysis or kidney transplantation may be required.