Sarcoidosis Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Sarcoidosis Overview Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease characterised by the formation of granulomas—tiny clumps of inflammatory cells—in various organs, most commonly in the lungs, lymph nodes, eyes and skin. Causes and risk factors The exact cause of sarcoidosis is unknown, but it is believed to result from an abnormal immune response, possibly triggered by infections or environmental factors; it might also occur as a result of genetic predisposition. Symptoms General: Fatigue, fever, weight loss and night sweatsLungs: Persistent cough, shortness of breath and chest painSkin: Rashes, lesions and nodulesEyes: Blurred vision, eye pain, redness and sensitivity to lightLymph nodes: Swelling, especially in the neck or armpits Diagnosis Medical history and physical examination.Imaging tests: Chest X-rays, CT scans to check for lung involvement.Biopsy: Collection of tissue samples from affected organs to identify granulomas. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes or transbronchial lung biopsy using a bronchoscope are commonly done.Blood tests: To check for signs of inflammation and organ function. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels may help in supporting the diagnosis. Treatment Observation: Mild cases may resolve on their own without treatment.MedicationsCorticosteroids: They are the first line of treatment to reduce inflammation.Immunosuppressants: For severe or persistent casesPrognosis: The course of sarcoidosis varies widely. Some people experience only mild symptoms that improve on their own, while others may have chronic, severe symptoms that require ongoing treatment. In some cases, sarcoidosis can lead to complications such as lung fibrosis or organ damage.