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Stomach Pain

Overview

Stomach pain or abdominal pain can arise because of various causes and can range from mild to serious. Understanding the type, location, and accompanying symptoms can help determine the underlying issue.

Stomach pain can have a range of accompanying symptoms, including nausea or vomiting, bloating, diarrhoea or constipation, some more symptoms are listed below.

  • Common gastrointestinal issues:
    • Indigestion
    • Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining, which can be caused by infection, alcohol, or certain medications.
    • Ulcers on the stomach or intestinal lining.
    • Gastroenteritis: gastroenteritis is the inflammation of the stomach and intestines, usually due to infection (viral or bacterial).
    • Painful IBS: IBS is a common disorder affecting the large intestine, characterised by cramping, abdominal pain, and changes in bowel habits.
  • Gastrointestinal organ-related issues:
    • Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix.
    • Gallstones
    • Bile duct stones
    • Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas, resulting in severe pain in the upper abdomen usually radiating to the back.
    • Enteritis: small intestinal inflammation is known as enteritis, which can cause colicky or crampy pain in the central abdomen.
    • Any tumour affecting any organ of the abdomen
    • Intestinal obstruction
  • Reproductive system issues:
    • Menstrual cramps: Commonly seen among young women
    • Ovarian cysts or ectopic pregnancy: This may lead to unilateral abdominal pain in those who menstruate.
  • Urinary tract issues:
    • Kidney stones: kidney stones can cause severe, radiating pain from the back to the lower abdomen.
    • Urinary tract infection: urinary tract infection may result in lower abdominal discomfort and other urinary symptoms.

  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Bloating
  • Diarrhoea or constipation
  • Fever
  • Loss of appetite
  • Changes in bowel habits

  • Medical history: Your medical history may be reviewed by your gastroenterologist. The gastroenterologist may palpitate your abdomen to identify areas of tenderness.
  • Imaging tests: Ultrasonography, X-rays, CT scan, or MRI may be recommended to check for any specific issues suspected by the gastroenterologist.
  • Laboratory tests: Various blood tests or stool tests can be performed to identify specific problems.

  • General measures:
    • Rest: this allows the body to recover.
    • Hydration: drink plenty of fluids, especially if dehydrated from vomiting or diarrhoea.
  • Medications:
    • Antacids: to relieve indigestion and heartburn.
    • Pain relievers: temporary over-the-counter medications like anti-spasmodic or anti-inflammatory drugs such as paracetamol can be taken. However, consultation with your doctor is preferable to self-medication.
    • Prescription medications: for specific conditions certain prescription drugs will be required (e.g., antibiotics for infections).
  • Lifestyle and dietary adjustments:
    • Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty, or highly acidic).
    • Eat smaller, more frequent meals.
    • Keep a food journal to identify patterns.

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience severe or persistent pain; pain accompanied by fever, vomiting, or jaundice; presence of blood in stool or vomit; or sudden onset of severe abdominal pain. If the stomach pain persists or worsens, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment.

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