Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Home A-Z Health Information Health Library A-Z Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Overview Upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy is called esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). It is a tool used for diagnosis and therapeutic procedures in digestive systems. It is used to examine the upper digestive tract. This includes the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach, and the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). During the procedure, a flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) is used to visualize the inner lining, identify abnormalities, and, if needed, perform therapeutic interventions like biopsies or polyp removal. Reasons for the Examination Upper GI endoscopy, usually performed as an outpatient procedure, may be recommended by your doctor for various reasons, including:Unexplained symptoms: Such as persistent heartburn, nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.Gastrointestinal bleeding: To identify the source of bleeding, whether hidden or visible.Difficulty swallowing: To investigate conditions causing dysphagia (trouble swallowing).Diagnosis of conditions: Such as peptic ulcers, gastritis, esophagitis, GERD, and celiac disease.Surveillance: For patients with a history of polyps, upper GI cancer, or Barrett's oesophagus. Preparation Proper preparation is essential for an accurate result. For preparation, the patients are advised to avoid solid foods for at least 8 hours and liquids for 4 hours before the procedure. Medication adjustments might be required and you are advised to follow specific instructions from your doctor regarding which medications need to be continued or stopped. Procedure The procedure involves minimal steps including the following:A mild sedative and throat-numbing spray are often used for comfort.A thin, flexible tube is inserted through the mouth and guided through the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum.The physician examines the tract and may take biopsies, remove polyps, or treat bleeding areas.The procedure typically lasts 15 to 30 minutes. Results are often available immediately after the procedure. If biopsies are taken, it may take several days for pathology reports. Findings may include inflammation, ulcers, polyps, or signs of infection or cancer. Benefits Diagnostic accuracy: Identifies issues that imaging tests may miss.Therapeutic potential: Allows for immediate treatment, such as stopping bleeding or removing polyps.Minimally invasive: Avoids the need for exploratory surgery in most cases. Side Effects and Risks Mild throat irritation or bloating due to endoscope insertion.Rare complications such as bleeding, infection, or perforation of the GI tract.